Stories of Korea’s National Treasures 26
Photo Credit : Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea
Gilt-bronze Vairocana Buddha Statue of Bulguksa Temple
(Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do)
🏯 1. The Buddha of Cosmic Light
Inside the main hall of Bulguksa Temple sits the Gilt-bronze Vairocana Buddha Statue, a magnificent embodiment of light, wisdom, and the boundless compassion of the universe.
Created during the Unified Silla period (8th century), the statue represents Vairocana (the Cosmic Buddha) — the supreme, all-encompassing presence that illuminates all beings. Unlike earthly Buddhas who teach in human form, Vairocana symbolizes truth itself, radiating spiritual enlightenment beyond time and space.
As sunlight filters through the temple hall and glimmers on the golden surface, it feels as if the Buddha’s gaze gently touches everything with peace and understanding.
🪨 2. Artistic and Spiritual Design
This seated statue is made of gilt bronze, standing about 1.77 meters tall, and is one of the finest examples of Buddhist metal sculpture from the Silla era. The craftsmanship reveals a deep harmony between physical form and spiritual meaning.
The Buddha sits in a lotus position, hands forming the knowledge mudra (the “wisdom seal”) — the gesture that symbolizes the union of wisdom and compassion. The face is serene and symmetrical, exuding calm dignity, while the robe’s flowing lines express natural grace and divine stillness.
Every detail — from the subtle curve of the lips to the gentle downward gaze — reflects Silla artisans’ aspiration to express divine perfection in human form.
🌄 3. Symbolism of Enlightenment
In Buddhist thought, Vairocana is the source of all Buddhas, representing the truth that pervades the universe. The statue’s luminous presence within Bulguksa Temple conveys this idea perfectly — that enlightenment is not distant, but ever-present.
The interplay of light and gold mirrors the belief that inner awakening shines through the material world, turning the temple space into a living mandala — a sacred map of the cosmos.
Those who stand before this statue often describe a moment of profound stillness, as though the heart and light become one.
🌿 4. Preservation and Legacy
The Gilt-bronze Vairocana Buddha Statue has endured for over twelve centuries, surviving wars and restorations. Despite its age, the gilded surface still glows warmly under natural light, preserving the quiet majesty of the Unified Silla period.
In recognition of its artistry and religious depth, it was designated National Treasure No. 26 and remains one of the spiritual jewels of Bulguksa Temple. The statue continues to inspire both pilgrims and art historians, standing as a timeless reminder that true beauty is the reflection of wisdom itself.
💬 5. A Warm Reflection
“The golden light of Vairocana does not fade with time. It reminds us that enlightenment, once awakened, shines quietly within every heart.”
📌 Notice
The National Treasure number indicates the order of designation, not a ranking of value.
For more information, please visit the 👉National Heritage Portal